Theory Infinite_Set_Sum
section ‹Sums over Infinite Sets›
theory Infinite_Set_Sum
imports Set_Integral
begin
lemma sets_eq_countable:
assumes "countable A" "space M = A" "⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ {x} ∈ sets M"
shows "sets M = Pow A"
proof (intro equalityI subsetI)
fix X assume "X ∈ Pow A"
hence "(⋃x∈X. {x}) ∈ sets M"
by (intro sets.countable_UN' countable_subset[OF _ assms(1)]) (auto intro!: assms(3))
also have "(⋃x∈X. {x}) = X" by auto
finally show "X ∈ sets M" .
next
fix X assume "X ∈ sets M"
from sets.sets_into_space[OF this] and assms
show "X ∈ Pow A" by simp
qed
lemma measure_eqI_countable':
assumes spaces: "space M = A" "space N = A"
assumes sets: "⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ {x} ∈ sets M" "⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ {x} ∈ sets N"
assumes A: "countable A"
assumes eq: "⋀a. a ∈ A ⟹ emeasure M {a} = emeasure N {a}"
shows "M = N"
proof (rule measure_eqI_countable)
show "sets M = Pow A"
by (intro sets_eq_countable assms)
show "sets N = Pow A"
by (intro sets_eq_countable assms)
qed fact+
lemma count_space_PiM_finite:
fixes B :: "'a ⇒ 'b set"
assumes "finite A" "⋀i. countable (B i)"
shows "PiM A (λi. count_space (B i)) = count_space (PiE A B)"
proof (rule measure_eqI_countable')
show "space (PiM A (λi. count_space (B i))) = PiE A B"
by (simp add: space_PiM)
show "space (count_space (PiE A B)) = PiE A B" by simp
next
fix f assume f: "f ∈ PiE A B"
hence "PiE A (λx. {f x}) ∈ sets (Pi⇩M A (λi. count_space (B i)))"
by (intro sets_PiM_I_finite assms) auto
also from f have "PiE A (λx. {f x}) = {f}"
by (intro PiE_singleton) (auto simp: PiE_def)
finally show "{f} ∈ sets (Pi⇩M A (λi. count_space (B i)))" .
next
interpret product_sigma_finite "(λi. count_space (B i))"
by (intro product_sigma_finite.intro sigma_finite_measure_count_space_countable assms)
thm sigma_finite_measure_count_space
fix f assume f: "f ∈ PiE A B"
hence "{f} = PiE A (λx. {f x})"
by (intro PiE_singleton [symmetric]) (auto simp: PiE_def)
also have "emeasure (Pi⇩M A (λi. count_space (B i))) … =
(∏i∈A. emeasure (count_space (B i)) {f i})"
using f assms by (subst emeasure_PiM) auto
also have "… = (∏i∈A. 1)"
by (intro prod.cong refl, subst emeasure_count_space_finite) (use f in auto)
also have "… = emeasure (count_space (PiE A B)) {f}"
using f by (subst emeasure_count_space_finite) auto
finally show "emeasure (Pi⇩M A (λi. count_space (B i))) {f} =
emeasure (count_space (Pi⇩E A B)) {f}" .
qed (simp_all add: countable_PiE assms)
definition abs_summable_on ::
"('a ⇒ 'b :: {banach, second_countable_topology}) ⇒ 'a set ⇒ bool"
(infix "abs'_summable'_on" 50)
where
"f abs_summable_on A ⟷ integrable (count_space A) f"
definition infsetsum ::
"('a ⇒ 'b :: {banach, second_countable_topology}) ⇒ 'a set ⇒ 'b"
where
"infsetsum f A = lebesgue_integral (count_space A) f"
syntax (ASCII)
"_infsetsum" :: "pttrn ⇒ 'a set ⇒ 'b ⇒ 'b::{banach, second_countable_topology}"
("(3INFSETSUM _:_./ _)" [0, 51, 10] 10)
syntax
"_infsetsum" :: "pttrn ⇒ 'a set ⇒ 'b ⇒ 'b::{banach, second_countable_topology}"
("(2∑⇩a_∈_./ _)" [0, 51, 10] 10)
translations
"∑⇩ai∈A. b" ⇌ "CONST infsetsum (λi. b) A"
syntax (ASCII)
"_uinfsetsum" :: "pttrn ⇒ 'a set ⇒ 'b ⇒ 'b::{banach, second_countable_topology}"
("(3INFSETSUM _:_./ _)" [0, 51, 10] 10)
syntax
"_uinfsetsum" :: "pttrn ⇒ 'b ⇒ 'b::{banach, second_countable_topology}"
("(2∑⇩a_./ _)" [0, 10] 10)
translations
"∑⇩ai. b" ⇌ "CONST infsetsum (λi. b) (CONST UNIV)"
syntax (ASCII)
"_qinfsetsum" :: "pttrn ⇒ bool ⇒ 'a ⇒ 'a::{banach, second_countable_topology}"
("(3INFSETSUM _ |/ _./ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)
syntax
"_qinfsetsum" :: "pttrn ⇒ bool ⇒ 'a ⇒ 'a::{banach, second_countable_topology}"
("(2∑⇩a_ | (_)./ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)
translations
"∑⇩ax|P. t" => "CONST infsetsum (λx. t) {x. P}"
print_translation ‹
let
fun sum_tr' [Abs (x, Tx, t), Const (\<^const_syntax>‹Collect›, _) $ Abs (y, Ty, P)] =
if x <> y then raise Match
else
let
val x' = Syntax_Trans.mark_bound_body (x, Tx);
val t' = subst_bound (x', t);
val P' = subst_bound (x', P);
in
Syntax.const \<^syntax_const>‹_qinfsetsum› $ Syntax_Trans.mark_bound_abs (x, Tx) $ P' $ t'
end
| sum_tr' _ = raise Match;
in [(\<^const_syntax>‹infsetsum›, K sum_tr')] end
›
lemma restrict_count_space_subset:
"A ⊆ B ⟹ restrict_space (count_space B) A = count_space A"
by (subst restrict_count_space) (simp_all add: Int_absorb2)
lemma abs_summable_on_restrict:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b :: {banach, second_countable_topology}"
assumes "A ⊆ B"
shows "f abs_summable_on A ⟷ (λx. indicator A x *⇩R f x) abs_summable_on B"
proof -
have "count_space A = restrict_space (count_space B) A"
by (rule restrict_count_space_subset [symmetric]) fact+
also have "integrable … f ⟷ set_integrable (count_space B) A f"
by (simp add: integrable_restrict_space set_integrable_def)
finally show ?thesis
unfolding abs_summable_on_def set_integrable_def .
qed
lemma abs_summable_on_altdef: "f abs_summable_on A ⟷ set_integrable (count_space UNIV) A f"
unfolding abs_summable_on_def set_integrable_def
by (metis (no_types) inf_top.right_neutral integrable_restrict_space restrict_count_space sets_UNIV)
lemma abs_summable_on_altdef':
"A ⊆ B ⟹ f abs_summable_on A ⟷ set_integrable (count_space B) A f"
unfolding abs_summable_on_def set_integrable_def
by (metis (no_types) Pow_iff abs_summable_on_def inf.orderE integrable_restrict_space restrict_count_space_subset sets_count_space space_count_space)
lemma abs_summable_on_norm_iff [simp]:
"(λx. norm (f x)) abs_summable_on A ⟷ f abs_summable_on A"
by (simp add: abs_summable_on_def integrable_norm_iff)
lemma abs_summable_on_normI: "f abs_summable_on A ⟹ (λx. norm (f x)) abs_summable_on A"
by simp
lemma abs_summable_complex_of_real [simp]: "(λn. complex_of_real (f n)) abs_summable_on A ⟷ f abs_summable_on A"
by (simp add: abs_summable_on_def complex_of_real_integrable_eq)
lemma abs_summable_on_comparison_test:
assumes "g abs_summable_on A"
assumes "⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ norm (f x) ≤ norm (g x)"
shows "f abs_summable_on A"
using assms Bochner_Integration.integrable_bound[of "count_space A" g f]
unfolding abs_summable_on_def by (auto simp: AE_count_space)
lemma abs_summable_on_comparison_test':
assumes "g abs_summable_on A"
assumes "⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ norm (f x) ≤ g x"
shows "f abs_summable_on A"
proof (rule abs_summable_on_comparison_test[OF assms(1), of f])
fix x assume "x ∈ A"
with assms(2) have "norm (f x) ≤ g x" .
also have "… ≤ norm (g x)" by simp
finally show "norm (f x) ≤ norm (g x)" .
qed
lemma abs_summable_on_cong [cong]:
"(⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ f x = g x) ⟹ A = B ⟹ (f abs_summable_on A) ⟷ (g abs_summable_on B)"
unfolding abs_summable_on_def by (intro integrable_cong) auto
lemma abs_summable_on_cong_neutral:
assumes "⋀x. x ∈ A - B ⟹ f x = 0"
assumes "⋀x. x ∈ B - A ⟹ g x = 0"
assumes "⋀x. x ∈ A ∩ B ⟹ f x = g x"
shows "f abs_summable_on A ⟷ g abs_summable_on B"
unfolding abs_summable_on_altdef set_integrable_def using assms
by (intro Bochner_Integration.integrable_cong refl)
(auto simp: indicator_def split: if_splits)
lemma abs_summable_on_restrict':
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b :: {banach, second_countable_topology}"
assumes "A ⊆ B"
shows "f abs_summable_on A ⟷ (λx. if x ∈ A then f x else 0) abs_summable_on B"
by (subst abs_summable_on_restrict[OF assms]) (intro abs_summable_on_cong, auto)
lemma abs_summable_on_nat_iff:
"f abs_summable_on (A :: nat set) ⟷ summable (λn. if n ∈ A then norm (f n) else 0)"
proof -
have "f abs_summable_on A ⟷ summable (λx. norm (if x ∈ A then f x else 0))"
by (subst abs_summable_on_restrict'[of _ UNIV])
(simp_all add: abs_summable_on_def integrable_count_space_nat_iff)
also have "(λx. norm (if x ∈ A then f x else 0)) = (λx. if x ∈ A then norm (f x) else 0)"
by auto
finally show ?thesis .
qed
lemma abs_summable_on_nat_iff':
"f abs_summable_on (UNIV :: nat set) ⟷ summable (λn. norm (f n))"
by (subst abs_summable_on_nat_iff) auto
lemma nat_abs_summable_on_comparison_test:
fixes f :: "nat ⇒ 'a :: {banach, second_countable_topology}"
assumes "g abs_summable_on I"
assumes "⋀n. ⟦n≥N; n ∈ I⟧ ⟹ norm (f n) ≤ g n"
shows "f abs_summable_on I"
using assms by (fastforce simp add: abs_summable_on_nat_iff intro: summable_comparison_test')
lemma abs_summable_comparison_test_ev:
assumes "g abs_summable_on I"
assumes "eventually (λx. x ∈ I ⟶ norm (f x) ≤ g x) sequentially"
shows "f abs_summable_on I"
by (metis (no_types, lifting) nat_abs_summable_on_comparison_test eventually_at_top_linorder assms)
lemma abs_summable_on_Cauchy:
"f abs_summable_on (UNIV :: nat set) ⟷ (∀e>0. ∃N. ∀m≥N. ∀n. (∑x = m..<n. norm (f x)) < e)"
by (simp add: abs_summable_on_nat_iff' summable_Cauchy sum_nonneg)
lemma abs_summable_on_finite [simp]: "finite A ⟹ f abs_summable_on A"
unfolding abs_summable_on_def by (rule integrable_count_space)
lemma abs_summable_on_empty [simp, intro]: "f abs_summable_on {}"
by simp
lemma abs_summable_on_subset:
assumes "f abs_summable_on B" and "A ⊆ B"
shows "f abs_summable_on A"
unfolding abs_summable_on_altdef
by (rule set_integrable_subset) (insert assms, auto simp: abs_summable_on_altdef)
lemma abs_summable_on_union [intro]:
assumes "f abs_summable_on A" and "f abs_summable_on B"
shows "f abs_summable_on (A ∪ B)"
using assms unfolding abs_summable_on_altdef by (intro set_integrable_Un) auto
lemma abs_summable_on_insert_iff [simp]:
"f abs_summable_on insert x A ⟷ f abs_summable_on A"
proof safe
assume "f abs_summable_on insert x A"
thus "f abs_summable_on A"
by (rule abs_summable_on_subset) auto
next
assume "f abs_summable_on A"
from abs_summable_on_union[OF this, of "{x}"]
show "f abs_summable_on insert x A" by simp
qed
lemma abs_summable_sum:
assumes "⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ f x abs_summable_on B"
shows "(λy. ∑x∈A. f x y) abs_summable_on B"
using assms unfolding abs_summable_on_def by (intro Bochner_Integration.integrable_sum)
lemma abs_summable_Re: "f abs_summable_on A ⟹ (λx. Re (f x)) abs_summable_on A"
by (simp add: abs_summable_on_def)
lemma abs_summable_Im: "f abs_summable_on A ⟹ (λx. Im (f x)) abs_summable_on A"
by (simp add: abs_summable_on_def)
lemma abs_summable_on_finite_diff:
assumes "f abs_summable_on A" "A ⊆ B" "finite (B - A)"
shows "f abs_summable_on B"
proof -
have "f abs_summable_on (A ∪ (B - A))"
by (intro abs_summable_on_union assms abs_summable_on_finite)
also from assms have "A ∪ (B - A) = B" by blast
finally show ?thesis .
qed
lemma abs_summable_on_reindex_bij_betw:
assumes "bij_betw g A B"
shows "(λx. f (g x)) abs_summable_on A ⟷ f abs_summable_on B"
proof -
have *: "count_space B = distr (count_space A) (count_space B) g"
by (rule distr_bij_count_space [symmetric]) fact
show ?thesis unfolding abs_summable_on_def
by (subst *, subst integrable_distr_eq[of _ _ "count_space B"])
(insert assms, auto simp: bij_betw_def)
qed
lemma abs_summable_on_reindex:
assumes "(λx. f (g x)) abs_summable_on A"
shows "f abs_summable_on (g ` A)"
proof -
define g' where "g' = inv_into A g"
from assms have "(λx. f (g x)) abs_summable_on (g' ` g ` A)"
by (rule abs_summable_on_subset) (auto simp: g'_def inv_into_into)
also have "?this ⟷ (λx. f (g (g' x))) abs_summable_on (g ` A)" unfolding g'_def
by (intro abs_summable_on_reindex_bij_betw [symmetric] inj_on_imp_bij_betw inj_on_inv_into) auto
also have "… ⟷ f abs_summable_on (g ` A)"
by (intro abs_summable_on_cong refl) (auto simp: g'_def f_inv_into_f)
finally show ?thesis .
qed
lemma abs_summable_on_reindex_iff:
"inj_on g A ⟹ (λx. f (g x)) abs_summable_on A ⟷ f abs_summable_on (g ` A)"
by (intro abs_summable_on_reindex_bij_betw inj_on_imp_bij_betw)
lemma abs_summable_on_Sigma_project2:
fixes A :: "'a set" and B :: "'a ⇒ 'b set"
assumes "f abs_summable_on (Sigma A B)" "x ∈ A"
shows "(λy. f (x, y)) abs_summable_on (B x)"
proof -
from assms(2) have "f abs_summable_on (Sigma {x} B)"
by (intro abs_summable_on_subset [OF assms(1)]) auto
also have "?this ⟷ (λz. f (x, snd z)) abs_summable_on (Sigma {x} B)"
by (rule abs_summable_on_cong) auto
finally have "(λy. f (x, y)) abs_summable_on (snd ` Sigma {x} B)"
by (rule abs_summable_on_reindex)
also have "snd ` Sigma {x} B = B x"
using assms by (auto simp: image_iff)
finally show ?thesis .
qed
lemma abs_summable_on_Times_swap:
"f abs_summable_on A × B ⟷ (λ(x,y). f (y,x)) abs_summable_on B × A"
proof -
have bij: "bij_betw (λ(x,y). (y,x)) (B × A) (A × B)"
by (auto simp: bij_betw_def inj_on_def)
show ?thesis
by (subst abs_summable_on_reindex_bij_betw[OF bij, of f, symmetric])
(simp_all add: case_prod_unfold)
qed
lemma abs_summable_on_0 [simp, intro]: "(λ_. 0) abs_summable_on A"
by (simp add: abs_summable_on_def)
lemma abs_summable_on_uminus [intro]:
"f abs_summable_on A ⟹ (λx. -f x) abs_summable_on A"
unfolding abs_summable_on_def by (rule Bochner_Integration.integrable_minus)
lemma abs_summable_on_add [intro]:
assumes "f abs_summable_on A" and "g abs_summable_on A"
shows "(λx. f x + g x) abs_summable_on A"
using assms unfolding abs_summable_on_def by (rule Bochner_Integration.integrable_add)
lemma abs_summable_on_diff [intro]:
assumes "f abs_summable_on A" and "g abs_summable_on A"
shows "(λx. f x - g x) abs_summable_on A"
using assms unfolding abs_summable_on_def by (rule Bochner_Integration.integrable_diff)
lemma abs_summable_on_scaleR_left [intro]:
assumes "c ≠ 0 ⟹ f abs_summable_on A"
shows "(λx. f x *⇩R c) abs_summable_on A"
using assms unfolding abs_summable_on_def by (intro Bochner_Integration.integrable_scaleR_left)
lemma abs_summable_on_scaleR_right [intro]:
assumes "c ≠ 0 ⟹ f abs_summable_on A"
shows "(λx. c *⇩R f x) abs_summable_on A"
using assms unfolding abs_summable_on_def by (intro Bochner_Integration.integrable_scaleR_right)
lemma abs_summable_on_cmult_right [intro]:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b :: {banach, real_normed_algebra, second_countable_topology}"
assumes "c ≠ 0 ⟹ f abs_summable_on A"
shows "(λx. c * f x) abs_summable_on A"
using assms unfolding abs_summable_on_def by (intro Bochner_Integration.integrable_mult_right)
lemma abs_summable_on_cmult_left [intro]:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b :: {banach, real_normed_algebra, second_countable_topology}"
assumes "c ≠ 0 ⟹ f abs_summable_on A"
shows "(λx. f x * c) abs_summable_on A"
using assms unfolding abs_summable_on_def by (intro Bochner_Integration.integrable_mult_left)
lemma abs_summable_on_prod_PiE:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b ⇒ 'c :: {real_normed_field,banach,second_countable_topology}"
assumes finite: "finite A" and countable: "⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ countable (B x)"
assumes summable: "⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ f x abs_summable_on B x"
shows "(λg. ∏x∈A. f x (g x)) abs_summable_on PiE A B"
proof -
define B' where "B' = (λx. if x ∈ A then B x else {})"
from assms have [simp]: "countable (B' x)" for x
by (auto simp: B'_def)
then interpret product_sigma_finite "count_space ∘ B'"
unfolding o_def by (intro product_sigma_finite.intro sigma_finite_measure_count_space_countable)
from assms have "integrable (PiM A (count_space ∘ B')) (λg. ∏x∈A. f x (g x))"
by (intro product_integrable_prod) (auto simp: abs_summable_on_def B'_def)
also have "PiM A (count_space ∘ B') = count_space (PiE A B')"
unfolding o_def using finite by (intro count_space_PiM_finite) simp_all
also have "PiE A B' = PiE A B" by (intro PiE_cong) (simp_all add: B'_def)
finally show ?thesis by (simp add: abs_summable_on_def)
qed
lemma not_summable_infsetsum_eq:
"¬f abs_summable_on A ⟹ infsetsum f A = 0"
by (simp add: abs_summable_on_def infsetsum_def not_integrable_integral_eq)
lemma infsetsum_altdef:
"infsetsum f A = set_lebesgue_integral (count_space UNIV) A f"
unfolding set_lebesgue_integral_def
by (subst integral_restrict_space [symmetric])
(auto simp: restrict_count_space_subset infsetsum_def)
lemma infsetsum_altdef':
"A ⊆ B ⟹ infsetsum f A = set_lebesgue_integral (count_space B) A f"
unfolding set_lebesgue_integral_def
by (subst integral_restrict_space [symmetric])
(auto simp: restrict_count_space_subset infsetsum_def)
lemma nn_integral_conv_infsetsum:
assumes "f abs_summable_on A" "⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ f x ≥ 0"
shows "nn_integral (count_space A) f = ennreal (infsetsum f A)"
using assms unfolding infsetsum_def abs_summable_on_def
by (subst nn_integral_eq_integral) auto
lemma infsetsum_conv_nn_integral:
assumes "nn_integral (count_space A) f ≠ ∞" "⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ f x ≥ 0"
shows "infsetsum f A = enn2real (nn_integral (count_space A) f)"
unfolding infsetsum_def using assms
by (subst integral_eq_nn_integral) auto
lemma infsetsum_cong [cong]:
"(⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ f x = g x) ⟹ A = B ⟹ infsetsum f A = infsetsum g B"
unfolding infsetsum_def by (intro Bochner_Integration.integral_cong) auto
lemma infsetsum_0 [simp]: "infsetsum (λ_. 0) A = 0"
by (simp add: infsetsum_def)
lemma infsetsum_all_0: "(⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ f x = 0) ⟹ infsetsum f A = 0"
by simp
lemma infsetsum_nonneg: "(⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ f x ≥ (0::real)) ⟹ infsetsum f A ≥ 0"
unfolding infsetsum_def by (rule Bochner_Integration.integral_nonneg) auto
lemma sum_infsetsum:
assumes "⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ f x abs_summable_on B"
shows "(∑x∈A. ∑⇩ay∈B. f x y) = (∑⇩ay∈B. ∑x∈A. f x y)"
using assms by (simp add: infsetsum_def abs_summable_on_def Bochner_Integration.integral_sum)
lemma Re_infsetsum: "f abs_summable_on A ⟹ Re (infsetsum f A) = (∑⇩ax∈A. Re (f x))"
by (simp add: infsetsum_def abs_summable_on_def)
lemma Im_infsetsum: "f abs_summable_on A ⟹ Im (infsetsum f A) = (∑⇩ax∈A. Im (f x))"
by (simp add: infsetsum_def abs_summable_on_def)
lemma infsetsum_of_real:
shows "infsetsum (λx. of_real (f x)
:: 'a :: {real_normed_algebra_1,banach,second_countable_topology,real_inner}) A =
of_real (infsetsum f A)"
unfolding infsetsum_def
by (rule integral_bounded_linear'[OF bounded_linear_of_real bounded_linear_inner_left[of 1]]) auto
lemma infsetsum_finite [simp]: "finite A ⟹ infsetsum f A = (∑x∈A. f x)"
by (simp add: infsetsum_def lebesgue_integral_count_space_finite)
lemma infsetsum_nat:
assumes "f abs_summable_on A"
shows "infsetsum f A = (∑n. if n ∈ A then f n else 0)"
proof -
from assms have "infsetsum f A = (∑n. indicator A n *⇩R f n)"
unfolding infsetsum_altdef abs_summable_on_altdef set_lebesgue_integral_def set_integrable_def
by (subst integral_count_space_nat) auto
also have "(λn. indicator A n *⇩R f n) = (λn. if n ∈ A then f n else 0)"
by auto
finally show ?thesis .
qed
lemma infsetsum_nat':
assumes "f abs_summable_on UNIV"
shows "infsetsum f UNIV = (∑n. f n)"
using assms by (subst infsetsum_nat) auto
lemma sums_infsetsum_nat:
assumes "f abs_summable_on A"
shows "(λn. if n ∈ A then f n else 0) sums infsetsum f A"
proof -
from assms have "summable (λn. if n ∈ A then norm (f n) else 0)"
by (simp add: abs_summable_on_nat_iff)
also have "(λn. if n ∈ A then norm (f n) else 0) = (λn. norm (if n ∈ A then f n else 0))"
by auto
finally have "summable (λn. if n ∈ A then f n else 0)"
by (rule summable_norm_cancel)
with assms show ?thesis
by (auto simp: sums_iff infsetsum_nat)
qed
lemma sums_infsetsum_nat':
assumes "f abs_summable_on UNIV"
shows "f sums infsetsum f UNIV"
using sums_infsetsum_nat [OF assms] by simp
lemma infsetsum_Un_disjoint:
assumes "f abs_summable_on A" "f abs_summable_on B" "A ∩ B = {}"
shows "infsetsum f (A ∪ B) = infsetsum f A + infsetsum f B"
using assms unfolding infsetsum_altdef abs_summable_on_altdef
by (subst set_integral_Un) auto
lemma infsetsum_Diff:
assumes "f abs_summable_on B" "A ⊆ B"
shows "infsetsum f (B - A) = infsetsum f B - infsetsum f A"
proof -
have "infsetsum f ((B - A) ∪ A) = infsetsum f (B - A) + infsetsum f A"
using assms(2) by (intro infsetsum_Un_disjoint abs_summable_on_subset[OF assms(1)]) auto
also from assms(2) have "(B - A) ∪ A = B"
by auto
ultimately show ?thesis
by (simp add: algebra_simps)
qed
lemma infsetsum_Un_Int:
assumes "f abs_summable_on (A ∪ B)"
shows "infsetsum f (A ∪ B) = infsetsum f A + infsetsum f B - infsetsum f (A ∩ B)"
proof -
have "A ∪ B = A ∪ (B - A ∩ B)"
by auto
also have "infsetsum f … = infsetsum f A + infsetsum f (B - A ∩ B)"
by (intro infsetsum_Un_disjoint abs_summable_on_subset[OF assms]) auto
also have "infsetsum f (B - A ∩ B) = infsetsum f B - infsetsum f (A ∩ B)"
by (intro infsetsum_Diff abs_summable_on_subset[OF assms]) auto
finally show ?thesis
by (simp add: algebra_simps)
qed
lemma infsetsum_reindex_bij_betw:
assumes "bij_betw g A B"
shows "infsetsum (λx. f (g x)) A = infsetsum f B"
proof -
have *: "count_space B = distr (count_space A) (count_space B) g"
by (rule distr_bij_count_space [symmetric]) fact
show ?thesis unfolding infsetsum_def
by (subst *, subst integral_distr[of _ _ "count_space B"])
(insert assms, auto simp: bij_betw_def)
qed
theorem infsetsum_reindex:
assumes "inj_on g A"
shows "infsetsum f (g ` A) = infsetsum (λx. f (g x)) A"
by (intro infsetsum_reindex_bij_betw [symmetric] inj_on_imp_bij_betw assms)
lemma infsetsum_cong_neutral:
assumes "⋀x. x ∈ A - B ⟹ f x = 0"
assumes "⋀x. x ∈ B - A ⟹ g x = 0"
assumes "⋀x. x ∈ A ∩ B ⟹ f x = g x"
shows "infsetsum f A = infsetsum g B"
unfolding infsetsum_altdef set_lebesgue_integral_def using assms
by (intro Bochner_Integration.integral_cong refl)
(auto simp: indicator_def split: if_splits)
lemma infsetsum_mono_neutral:
fixes f g :: "'a ⇒ real"
assumes "f abs_summable_on A" and "g abs_summable_on B"
assumes "⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ f x ≤ g x"
assumes "⋀x. x ∈ A - B ⟹ f x ≤ 0"
assumes "⋀x. x ∈ B - A ⟹ g x ≥ 0"
shows "infsetsum f A ≤ infsetsum g B"
using assms unfolding infsetsum_altdef set_lebesgue_integral_def abs_summable_on_altdef set_integrable_def
by (intro Bochner_Integration.integral_mono) (auto simp: indicator_def)
lemma infsetsum_mono_neutral_left:
fixes f g :: "'a ⇒ real"
assumes "f abs_summable_on A" and "g abs_summable_on B"
assumes "⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ f x ≤ g x"
assumes "A ⊆ B"
assumes "⋀x. x ∈ B - A ⟹ g x ≥ 0"
shows "infsetsum f A ≤ infsetsum g B"
using ‹A ⊆ B› by (intro infsetsum_mono_neutral assms) auto
lemma infsetsum_mono_neutral_right:
fixes f g :: "'a ⇒ real"
assumes "f abs_summable_on A" and "g abs_summable_on B"
assumes "⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ f x ≤ g x"
assumes "B ⊆ A"
assumes "⋀x. x ∈ A - B ⟹ f x ≤ 0"
shows "infsetsum f A ≤ infsetsum g B"
using ‹B ⊆ A› by (intro infsetsum_mono_neutral assms) auto
lemma infsetsum_mono:
fixes f g :: "'a ⇒ real"
assumes "f abs_summable_on A" and "g abs_summable_on A"
assumes "⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ f x ≤ g x"
shows "infsetsum f A ≤ infsetsum g A"
by (intro infsetsum_mono_neutral assms) auto
lemma norm_infsetsum_bound:
"norm (infsetsum f A) ≤ infsetsum (λx. norm (f x)) A"
unfolding abs_summable_on_def infsetsum_def
by (rule Bochner_Integration.integral_norm_bound)
theorem infsetsum_Sigma:
fixes A :: "'a set" and B :: "'a ⇒ 'b set"
assumes [simp]: "countable A" and "⋀i. countable (B i)"
assumes summable: "f abs_summable_on (Sigma A B)"
shows "infsetsum f (Sigma A B) = infsetsum (λx. infsetsum (λy. f (x, y)) (B x)) A"
proof -
define B' where "B' = (⋃i∈A. B i)"
have [simp]: "countable B'"
unfolding B'_def by (intro countable_UN assms)
interpret pair_sigma_finite "count_space A" "count_space B'"
by (intro pair_sigma_finite.intro sigma_finite_measure_count_space_countable) fact+
have "integrable (count_space (A × B')) (λz. indicator (Sigma A B) z *⇩R f z)"
using summable
by (metis (mono_tags, lifting) abs_summable_on_altdef abs_summable_on_def integrable_cong integrable_mult_indicator set_integrable_def sets_UNIV)
also have "?this ⟷ integrable (count_space A ⨂⇩M count_space B') (λ(x, y). indicator (B x) y *⇩R f (x, y))"
by (intro Bochner_Integration.integrable_cong)
(auto simp: pair_measure_countable indicator_def split: if_splits)
finally have integrable: … .
have "infsetsum (λx. infsetsum (λy. f (x, y)) (B x)) A =
(∫x. infsetsum (λy. f (x, y)) (B x) ∂count_space A)"
unfolding infsetsum_def by simp
also have "… = (∫x. ∫y. indicator (B x) y *⇩R f (x, y) ∂count_space B' ∂count_space A)"
proof (rule Bochner_Integration.integral_cong [OF refl])
show "⋀x. x ∈ space (count_space A) ⟹
(∑⇩ay∈B x. f (x, y)) = LINT y|count_space B'. indicat_real (B x) y *⇩R f (x, y)"
using infsetsum_altdef'[of _ B']
unfolding set_lebesgue_integral_def B'_def
by auto
qed
also have "… = (∫(x,y). indicator (B x) y *⇩R f (x, y) ∂(count_space A ⨂⇩M count_space B'))"
by (subst integral_fst [OF integrable]) auto
also have "… = (∫z. indicator (Sigma A B) z *⇩R f z ∂count_space (A × B'))"
by (intro Bochner_Integration.integral_cong)
(auto simp: pair_measure_countable indicator_def split: if_splits)
also have "… = infsetsum f (Sigma A B)"
unfolding set_lebesgue_integral_def [symmetric]
by (rule infsetsum_altdef' [symmetric]) (auto simp: B'_def)
finally show ?thesis ..
qed
lemma infsetsum_Sigma':
fixes A :: "'a set" and B :: "'a ⇒ 'b set"
assumes [simp]: "countable A" and "⋀i. countable (B i)"
assumes summable: "(λ(x,y). f x y) abs_summable_on (Sigma A B)"
shows "infsetsum (λx. infsetsum (λy. f x y) (B x)) A = infsetsum (λ(x,y). f x y) (Sigma A B)"
using assms by (subst infsetsum_Sigma) auto
lemma infsetsum_Times:
fixes A :: "'a set" and B :: "'b set"
assumes [simp]: "countable A" and "countable B"
assumes summable: "f abs_summable_on (A × B)"
shows "infsetsum f (A × B) = infsetsum (λx. infsetsum (λy. f (x, y)) B) A"
using assms by (subst infsetsum_Sigma) auto
lemma infsetsum_Times':
fixes A :: "'a set" and B :: "'b set"
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b ⇒ 'c :: {banach, second_countable_topology}"
assumes [simp]: "countable A" and [simp]: "countable B"
assumes summable: "(λ(x,y). f x y) abs_summable_on (A × B)"
shows "infsetsum (λx. infsetsum (λy. f x y) B) A = infsetsum (λ(x,y). f x y) (A × B)"
using assms by (subst infsetsum_Times) auto
lemma infsetsum_swap:
fixes A :: "'a set" and B :: "'b set"
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b ⇒ 'c :: {banach, second_countable_topology}"
assumes [simp]: "countable A" and [simp]: "countable B"
assumes summable: "(λ(x,y). f x y) abs_summable_on A × B"
shows "infsetsum (λx. infsetsum (λy. f x y) B) A = infsetsum (λy. infsetsum (λx. f x y) A) B"
proof -
from summable have summable': "(λ(x,y). f y x) abs_summable_on B × A"
by (subst abs_summable_on_Times_swap) auto
have bij: "bij_betw (λ(x, y). (y, x)) (B × A) (A × B)"
by (auto simp: bij_betw_def inj_on_def)
have "infsetsum (λx. infsetsum (λy. f x y) B) A = infsetsum (λ(x,y). f x y) (A × B)"
using summable by (subst infsetsum_Times) auto
also have "… = infsetsum (λ(x,y). f y x) (B × A)"
by (subst infsetsum_reindex_bij_betw[OF bij, of "λ(x,y). f x y", symmetric])
(simp_all add: case_prod_unfold)
also have "… = infsetsum (λy. infsetsum (λx. f x y) A) B"
using summable' by (subst infsetsum_Times) auto
finally show ?thesis .
qed
theorem abs_summable_on_Sigma_iff:
assumes [simp]: "countable A" and "⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ countable (B x)"
shows "f abs_summable_on Sigma A B ⟷
(∀x∈A. (λy. f (x, y)) abs_summable_on B x) ∧
((λx. infsetsum (λy. norm (f (x, y))) (B x)) abs_summable_on A)"
proof safe
define B' where "B' = (⋃x∈A. B x)"
have [simp]: "countable B'"
unfolding B'_def using assms by auto
interpret pair_sigma_finite "count_space A" "count_space B'"
by (intro pair_sigma_finite.intro sigma_finite_measure_count_space_countable) fact+
{
assume *: "f abs_summable_on Sigma A B"
thus "(λy. f (x, y)) abs_summable_on B x" if "x ∈ A" for x
using that by (rule abs_summable_on_Sigma_project2)
have "set_integrable (count_space (A × B')) (Sigma A B) (λz. norm (f z))"
using abs_summable_on_normI[OF *]
by (subst abs_summable_on_altdef' [symmetric]) (auto simp: B'_def)
also have "count_space (A × B') = count_space A ⨂⇩M count_space B'"
by (simp add: pair_measure_countable)
finally have "integrable (count_space A)
(λx. lebesgue_integral (count_space B')
(λy. indicator (Sigma A B) (x, y) *⇩R norm (f (x, y))))"
unfolding set_integrable_def by (rule integrable_fst')
also have "?this ⟷ integrable (count_space A)
(λx. lebesgue_integral (count_space B')
(λy. indicator (B x) y *⇩R norm (f (x, y))))"
by (intro integrable_cong refl) (simp_all add: indicator_def)
also have "… ⟷ integrable (count_space A) (λx. infsetsum (λy. norm (f (x, y))) (B x))"
unfolding set_lebesgue_integral_def [symmetric]
by (intro integrable_cong refl infsetsum_altdef' [symmetric]) (auto simp: B'_def)
also have "… ⟷ (λx. infsetsum (λy. norm (f (x, y))) (B x)) abs_summable_on A"
by (simp add: abs_summable_on_def)
finally show … .
}
{
assume *: "∀x∈A. (λy. f (x, y)) abs_summable_on B x"
assume "(λx. ∑⇩ay∈B x. norm (f (x, y))) abs_summable_on A"
also have "?this ⟷ (λx. ∫y∈B x. norm (f (x, y)) ∂count_space B') abs_summable_on A"
by (intro abs_summable_on_cong refl infsetsum_altdef') (auto simp: B'_def)
also have "… ⟷ (λx. ∫y. indicator (Sigma A B) (x, y) *⇩R norm (f (x, y)) ∂count_space B')
abs_summable_on A" (is "_ ⟷ ?h abs_summable_on _")
unfolding set_lebesgue_integral_def
by (intro abs_summable_on_cong) (auto simp: indicator_def)
also have "… ⟷ integrable (count_space A) ?h"
by (simp add: abs_summable_on_def)
finally have **: … .
have "integrable (count_space A ⨂⇩M count_space B') (λz. indicator (Sigma A B) z *⇩R f z)"
proof (rule Fubini_integrable, goal_cases)
case 3
{
fix x assume x: "x ∈ A"
with * have "(λy. f (x, y)) abs_summable_on B x"
by blast
also have "?this ⟷ integrable (count_space B')
(λy. indicator (B x) y *⇩R f (x, y))"
unfolding set_integrable_def [symmetric]
using x by (intro abs_summable_on_altdef') (auto simp: B'_def)
also have "(λy. indicator (B x) y *⇩R f (x, y)) =
(λy. indicator (Sigma A B) (x, y) *⇩R f (x, y))"
using x by (auto simp: indicator_def)
finally have "integrable (count_space B')
(λy. indicator (Sigma A B) (x, y) *⇩R f (x, y))" .
}
thus ?case by (auto simp: AE_count_space)
qed (insert **, auto simp: pair_measure_countable)
moreover have "count_space A ⨂⇩M count_space B' = count_space (A × B')"
by (simp add: pair_measure_countable)
moreover have "set_integrable (count_space (A × B')) (Sigma A B) f ⟷
f abs_summable_on Sigma A B"
by (rule abs_summable_on_altdef' [symmetric]) (auto simp: B'_def)
ultimately show "f abs_summable_on Sigma A B"
by (simp add: set_integrable_def)
}
qed
lemma abs_summable_on_Sigma_project1:
assumes "(λ(x,y). f x y) abs_summable_on Sigma A B"
assumes [simp]: "countable A" and "⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ countable (B x)"
shows "(λx. infsetsum (λy. norm (f x y)) (B x)) abs_summable_on A"
using assms by (subst (asm) abs_summable_on_Sigma_iff) auto
lemma abs_summable_on_Sigma_project1':
assumes "(λ(x,y). f x y) abs_summable_on Sigma A B"
assumes [simp]: "countable A" and "⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ countable (B x)"
shows "(λx. infsetsum (λy. f x y) (B x)) abs_summable_on A"
by (intro abs_summable_on_comparison_test' [OF abs_summable_on_Sigma_project1[OF assms]]
norm_infsetsum_bound)
theorem infsetsum_prod_PiE:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b ⇒ 'c :: {real_normed_field,banach,second_countable_topology}"
assumes finite: "finite A" and countable: "⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ countable (B x)"
assumes summable: "⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ f x abs_summable_on B x"
shows "infsetsum (λg. ∏x∈A. f x (g x)) (PiE A B) = (∏x∈A. infsetsum (f x) (B x))"
proof -
define B' where "B' = (λx. if x ∈ A then B x else {})"
from assms have [simp]: "countable (B' x)" for x
by (auto simp: B'_def)
then interpret product_sigma_finite "count_space ∘ B'"
unfolding o_def by (intro product_sigma_finite.intro sigma_finite_measure_count_space_countable)
have "infsetsum (λg. ∏x∈A. f x (g x)) (PiE A B) =
(∫g. (∏x∈A. f x (g x)) ∂count_space (PiE A B))"
by (simp add: infsetsum_def)
also have "PiE A B = PiE A B'"
by (intro PiE_cong) (simp_all add: B'_def)
hence "count_space (PiE A B) = count_space (PiE A B')"
by simp
also have "… = PiM A (count_space ∘ B')"
unfolding o_def using finite by (intro count_space_PiM_finite [symmetric]) simp_all
also have "(∫g. (∏x∈A. f x (g x)) ∂…) = (∏x∈A. infsetsum (f x) (B' x))"
by (subst product_integral_prod)
(insert summable finite, simp_all add: infsetsum_def B'_def abs_summable_on_def)
also have "… = (∏x∈A. infsetsum (f x) (B x))"
by (intro prod.cong refl) (simp_all add: B'_def)
finally show ?thesis .
qed
lemma infsetsum_uminus: "infsetsum (λx. -f x) A = -infsetsum f A"
unfolding infsetsum_def abs_summable_on_def
by (rule Bochner_Integration.integral_minus)
lemma infsetsum_add:
assumes "f abs_summable_on A" and "g abs_summable_on A"
shows "infsetsum (λx. f x + g x) A = infsetsum f A + infsetsum g A"
using assms unfolding infsetsum_def abs_summable_on_def
by (rule Bochner_Integration.integral_add)
lemma infsetsum_diff:
assumes "f abs_summable_on A" and "g abs_summable_on A"
shows "infsetsum (λx. f x - g x) A = infsetsum f A - infsetsum g A"
using assms unfolding infsetsum_def abs_summable_on_def
by (rule Bochner_Integration.integral_diff)
lemma infsetsum_scaleR_left:
assumes "c ≠ 0 ⟹ f abs_summable_on A"
shows "infsetsum (λx. f x *⇩R c) A = infsetsum f A *⇩R c"
using assms unfolding infsetsum_def abs_summable_on_def
by (rule Bochner_Integration.integral_scaleR_left)
lemma infsetsum_scaleR_right:
"infsetsum (λx. c *⇩R f x) A = c *⇩R infsetsum f A"
unfolding infsetsum_def abs_summable_on_def
by (subst Bochner_Integration.integral_scaleR_right) auto
lemma infsetsum_cmult_left:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b :: {banach, real_normed_algebra, second_countable_topology}"
assumes "c ≠ 0 ⟹ f abs_summable_on A"
shows "infsetsum (λx. f x * c) A = infsetsum f A * c"
using assms unfolding infsetsum_def abs_summable_on_def
by (rule Bochner_Integration.integral_mult_left)
lemma infsetsum_cmult_right:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b :: {banach, real_normed_algebra, second_countable_topology}"
assumes "c ≠ 0 ⟹ f abs_summable_on A"
shows "infsetsum (λx. c * f x) A = c * infsetsum f A"
using assms unfolding infsetsum_def abs_summable_on_def
by (rule Bochner_Integration.integral_mult_right)
lemma infsetsum_cdiv:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b :: {banach, real_normed_field, second_countable_topology}"
assumes "c ≠ 0 ⟹ f abs_summable_on A"
shows "infsetsum (λx. f x / c) A = infsetsum f A / c"
using assms unfolding infsetsum_def abs_summable_on_def by auto
lemma
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'c :: {banach, real_normed_field, second_countable_topology}"
assumes [simp]: "countable A" and [simp]: "countable B"
assumes "f abs_summable_on A" and "g abs_summable_on B"
shows abs_summable_on_product: "(λ(x,y). f x * g y) abs_summable_on A × B"
and infsetsum_product: "infsetsum (λ(x,y). f x * g y) (A × B) =
infsetsum f A * infsetsum g B"
proof -
from assms show "(λ(x,y). f x * g y) abs_summable_on A × B"
by (subst abs_summable_on_Sigma_iff)
(auto intro!: abs_summable_on_cmult_right simp: norm_mult infsetsum_cmult_right)
with assms show "infsetsum (λ(x,y). f x * g y) (A × B) = infsetsum f A * infsetsum g B"
by (subst infsetsum_Sigma)
(auto simp: infsetsum_cmult_left infsetsum_cmult_right)
qed
end